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Designed and carried out in 1944, the Bretton Woods system established basic rules for financial and commercial relations between the major industrial states of the world. It was the first example of the fully negotiated monetary order with the aim of governing monetary relations among world's independent nations. The Bretton Wood system's chief feature was an obligation for all countries to adopt monetary policy maintaining exchange rate of its currency within a fixed value.

The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, also known as Breton Woods Conference, was a meeting of 730 delegates from 45 Allied Nations, held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire from July 1 - 22, 1944. Established at the Bretton Woods Conference were two international bodies for regulation of the international financial and monetary order following the end of World War II, namely the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Established in December 1960, the Central American Common Market, commonly referred to as CACM, is an economic trade organization formed by four nations of Central America, namely Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador. In 1961 these nations ratified the treaties of membership. Costa Rica joined the organization in 1963. With the Football War between El Salvador and Honduras, CACM collapsed in 1969, but was re-instated in 1991.

The World Trade Organization, also known as WTO, is an international organization which is responsible for setting rules for the global trading system and settling disputes among its member states, each of them being a signatory to some 30 WTO agreements. The organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Its current Director-General is Pascal Lamy. As of 2005, the WTO has 149 members, with the latest to join being Saudi Arabia.

Created in 1988, the Global Exchange is a non-governmental organization, headquartered in San Francisco, California. It aims at promoting human rights and economic, social, and environmental justice worldwide, and addresses a range of issues, from the US war in Iraq to worker abuse by US companies. Provided by the organization are also reality tours to different countries with the aim of educating individuals with realities of living in diverse cultures of the world.

Established with the aim to promote cultural, social and economic development of African states, the African Economic Community is a body that works towards achieving the following objective: to create free trade areas, single market, customs unions, common currency and a central bank establishing thus economic and monetary union. Form the pillars of AEC are a number of trade blocks, including ECOWAS, ECCAS, SADC, AMU and COMESA.

The Economic Community of Central African States, commonly known by its acronym ECCAS, is a non-profit organization established with the vision of promoting regional economic co-operation in Central Africa and with its respective Central African States. Today as ever, ECCAS works towards achieving collective autonomy, maintaining economic stability through intensive co-operation and raising standard of living of its member states.

The American Agricultural Economics Association is a non-profit professional agricultural association and organization whose members are interested in agricultural economics - the application of economic tools for the analysis of issues in the areas of food, agriculture, natural resources and rural communities. Throughout its history, the organization has strived to keep its members informed on the latest agricultural economies policy issues and research developments.

The oldest and the most influential organization in the field of economics, the American Economic Association, commonly referred to as AEA, was established in 1885 at a conference in New York by a group of people interested in economics. The Organization was incorporated in 1923 by Richard Ely, the first secretary of AEA. The current president of the Association is Daniel McFadden of the University of California at Berkeley.

One of the world's biggest and most influential countries, the United States boasts the largest and one of the most technologically advanced national economics, with a GDP of $12.4 trillion as of 2005. In this free market oriented, capitalistic economy, private enterprises and corporations comprise the majority of microeconomic decisions, as the government takes a minimal if any role in the domestic economy. Due to this, the US economics impacts on business firms means they face less regulation as compared to those in many other countries.

Created in December 1994, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa is a preferential trading area that encompasses 20 member states stretching from Zimbabwe to Libya. Nine of the organization's member states formed a free trade area in 2000, while Burundi and Rwanda joined COMESA in 2004 and Libya and Comoros in 2006. The Treaty establishing the organization was signed in November 1993 and ratified in December 1994.

The Eurasian Economic Community, commonly referred to as EURASEC or EAEC, was formed in October 2000, when Russia, Belarus, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan signed the treaty. However, it wasn't until May 2001 that the organization was officially established. EURASEC membership is composed of nations which are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, while the relations between these organizations are ambiguous.

Since the 1990s, Russian economics has been subject to many transformations, including the dismantling of centrally planned economy regarded as a hallmark of the Soviet Union, and its replacement by the economy which operates on the basis of private property and market forces. This process of economic transition was initiated by some of the former communist states of Central Europe a few years before Russia, which provided insight into effects of such transition.

The Dominican Republic - Central American Free Trade Agreement is a free trade agreement which encompassed originally the Central American countries of Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Costa Rica and the United States and was known as CAFTA. When the Dominican Republic joined negotiations in 2004, the agreement changed its name to DR-CAFTA.

Designed to promote trade liberalization between the USA and five Central American countries, such as Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Costa Rica, the Central America Free Trade Agreement was approved by the United States Senate in June 2005. It was modeled after the North American Free Trade Agreement and is believed to be a stepping-stone to the Free Trade Area in the Americas encompassing 34 economies. Demonstrating the power of the Catholic Church and its impact on everything, US Bishops raised an eyebrow concerning the CAFTA initiative.

With more than 1,400 members across Canada and from other countries, the Canada Economics Association, frequently referred to as CEA, is the organization of academic economists of Canada. It was established to advance economic knowledge through the issuing of publications, encouragement of study and research, and promotion of discussion of economy-related issues. The organization doesn't commit its members to assume partisan position on any issue of practical politics.

One of the wealthiest nations in the world, Canada is a member of Group of Eight and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Like with other world's leading nations, Canadian economics is dominated by the service industry dedicated to employing a high percentage of Canadians. The country differs from other developed nations in the significance of its primary sector, with oil and lodging industries recognized as the most important in Canada.

The Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas in August 1973, with the first signatories being Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Jamaica and Barbados. The organization replaced the Caribbean Free Trade Association that has been established to provide economic links among the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean, following the collapse of the West Indies Federation in May 1962.

Established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas that was signed by Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Jamaica and Barbados and came into effect in August 1973, the Caribbean Community and Common Market was formed with the aim of creating a common market and the integration of its Member States and economies. Currently the organization membership of the Caribbean Common Market is composed of fifteen full members, five associate members and seven observers.

The American Agricultural Economics Association is a non-profit organization committed to promoting knowledge about economics of rural communities, natural resources and agriculture. Thanks to agricultural economics, its members are informed on the latest agricultural research developments and polity issues; by keeping in touch with government and academic associations and peers from industry. The Association provides a shared vision to provide opportunities for active participation by agricultural economists.

One of the official bodies of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the COMESA Bankers Association was created to strengthen and promote links between banks in sub-regions. It is one of the four COMESA institutions that has played a key role in providing a forum for information exchange, the other three being the PTA Reinsurance Company, the COMESA Clearing House and the Trade and Development Bank. Thanks to the association, COMSEA bankers are protected and can perform their jobs within a framework of professionalism.

Implemented in January 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA, commonly referred to as NAFTA, is a trade agreement among the United States, Mexico, and Canada, and is used in reference to the trading bloc of North American countries. NAFTA was an expansion of the Canada - US Free Trade Agreement of 1989. However, unlike the European Union it doesn't create law superior to the national law. The Agreement is a treaty under international law.

The North American Free Trade Agreement was implemented in 1994 and is believed to have brought rising standards of living and economic growth to the people of its member countries, namely the United States, Canada and Mexico. In addition, by strengthening procedures and rules that govern investment and trade throughout the continent, NATFA has contributed significantly to building future prosperity of its member nations.

The European Economic Association, commonly known as the EEA organization is an international scientific community established in December 1984 by Louis Philips and his supporters. Over the years, it has managed to grow to become one of the most influential bodies in the field of economics. The EEA membership is open to any individual interested or involved in economics, and implies a number of benefits.

Established in December 1984 in Brussels, the European Economic Association is a professional scientific body whose membership is open to all individuals and groups interested in economics. The EEA membership included a number of benefits, including a reduced subscription to the Journal of the Economic Association and Economic Policy. Members can also attend an annual European meeting and congress at a reduced registration fee.

Created at the Bretton Woods meeting that took place in New Hampshire in 1944, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, commonly known by its acronym GATT, was a precursor to the WTO trading system. Signed by 23 nations, the agreement set out a plan for economic recovery by encouraging the reduction in tariffs and other international trade barriers. Among the most important changes made in the Agreement was the introduction of the World Trade Organization.

Signed in 1947 in Bretton Woods, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT is a multilateral agreement designed to regulate trade among 150 countries worldwide. GATT research is responsible for looking into ways to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers and eliminate preferences on mutually advantageous basis. The Agreement also actively participated in the creation of the World Trade Organization, which came into being in January 1995.

The World Chambers Network, commonly referred to as WCN, is an electronic network of Chambers of Commerce dedicated to internationally oriented activities. Managed by the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the EuroChambers, the G77 Chambers Trade Network and the International Chamber of Commerce, it has about 10,700 chambers within its registry, representing some 30 million business members.

The Andean Free Trade Agreement that is simply referred to as AFTA is the United States muti unilateral trade agreement that was negotiated by the United States with the countries of Peru, Ecuador, Columbia, and Bolivia as an observer. It is much like CAFTA, this agreement is based on the NAFTA agreement that has been proved to be ineffective for both Mexicans and Americans. Approved by the United States Congress in July, 2005, CAFTA was implemented in 2006.

The Andean Trade Promotion Agreement between the United States and the countries of Peru, Colombia and Ecuador is an international treaty which will regulate investment and trade relationship between the parties in the most comprehensive manner with the aim of increasing investment and trade and contributing to the social and economic development of the countries signing the treaty. The agreement provides endless opportunities for Andean trade to develop and prosper in the new millennium.

Headquartered in New Rochelle, New York, the Eastern Economic Association is a non-profit organization established to promote scholarly and educational exchange on economic affairs and encourage freedom of research and discussion. To achieve these aims, it holds an annual conference and published the Eastern Economic Journal. Many pluralistic associations hold their annual meetings within the organization's framework.

The Eastern Economic Association, commonly referred to as EEA, is a non-profit corporation created to promote educational and scholarly exchange on economic affairs. The organization also publishes the Eastern Economic Journal and convenes annual conferences and meetings of members. Collaborating with EEA are a wide range of pluralistic associations which hold their primary or secondary meetings within its framework.

The Common Market of the South (Mercosur) - one of the Latin American common markets - is an economic integration agreement launched between Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina in 1991. Due to its increasing importance as Canada's trading partner, the regional profile was deemed necessary. Among other countries of South America that are currently in different stages of the agreement are Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia and Chile.

One of the leading organizations dedicated to the study of economic phenomena in the past, the Economic History Association was created in 1940 with the aim of encouraging and promoting teaching, publication, and research on all phases of economic history and preserving materials for research in economic history. The current membership of the organization is composed of over 1,000 individual members worldwide.

Established in 1983, the Cliometric Society is an organization of individuals taking particular interest in using statistical techniques and economic theory to study economic history. As history inclusion is necessary in formulation of solid economic theory, Cliometrics is vital to this process. The Cliometric Society was created with the vision to improve and advance scholarship by emphasizing methodology and providing young scholars with educational opportunities.

The Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Gulf, commonly referred to as Gulf Cooperation Council or GCC, is a regional organization that involves the six Persian Gulf Arab States, namely the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain. It should be noted, that the common term Persian Gulf is not used in reference to the organization, since the governments of these Arab countries refer to the Persian Gulf as the Arabian Gulf.

Established in May 1981 by the leaders of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman, State of Qatar, State of Kuwait and State of Bahrain, the Gulf Cooperation Council, also known as GCC, is a regional organization created with the aim of deepening and strengthening relations and fields of cooperation among its member states as an embodiment of historical, social and cultural reality. The cooperation council functions so well because it has a list of clearly identified goals and objectives.

Established in 1989 to promote economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation is commonly known as the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement or APEC is a premier form to facilitate economic growth, investment, and trade in the Asia-Pacific Region. It is the only inter governmental grouping that operates on the basis of open dialogue, non binding agreements, and equal respect for all of its members.

ASEAN Free Trade Area, commonly referred to as AFTA, is a free trade agreement by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. When it was originally signed, ASEAN membership was composed of six countries, including Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. Vietnam and Cambodia joined in 1995 and 1999 respectively. Currently AFTA free trade agreements involve ten countries of the ASEAN.

Dedicated to internationally dedicated business activities, the Chambers of Commerce Network, also known as WCN, is your key to being a prosperous business in the 21st century. It provides a platform from the chamber's best business exchange and fosters a comprehensive business information exchange on a wide range of issues such as services products, markets, resources, and technology.

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