Added: 01/24/2006 |
Classification of Traumas and the Brief Review of Trauma SurgeryAmong set kinds of traumas, cranial and spine-related are the most distributed. A number traumas concern crisis involving the bones, stretching of sheaf, dislocations of joints and cracks of bones. Besides traumas can be open or closed. Open traumas are characterized by presence of wound whereas at the closed trauma the integument remains to whole. However, at present any trauma demands urgent medical aid is necessary. More often at the closed traumas, the struck area starts to swell, integuments redden and lose sensitivity. After rendering the first medical aid doctor-surgeon should examine patient.
At the majority of open traumas emergency surgery is carried out. Given trauma surgery is necessary for prevention infection of wounds and an immediate suspension of hemorrhage. After disinfection of wound is carried out restoration of bone integrity, muscular fabric, sheaf and joints. In case of presence of heavy trauma with displacement of bones, bone fragments or the multiple fractures complicated with internal hemorrhages and big hemorrhage, urgent surgical critical care is required.
Except for the traumas of the head and backbone occurs enough frequently. One of the most widespread kinds traumas of head are concussion and bruise of the brain. Traumas of head brain and spinal cord concern to a number of the most complex and the most dangerous kinds of traumas. The basic danger of the given kind of traumas will consist that pathological infringements can be shown in some years after the trauma. Traumatizing of heads and backbone can lead to damage of head brain or spinal cord.
Consequences of cranial, head or spinal cord trauma can result into various serious pathologies. To a number of the most dangerous consequences of head brain and spinal cord traumatizing concern: infringement of speech, vision and hearing; occurrence of epileptic syndrome; full or partial paralysis; occurrence of hematomas which provoke formation of tumors; partial or full amnesia. At traumatizing of backs or heads it is necessary to consult urgently the doctor-surgeon. At the majority kinds of head or back traumas obligatory trauma surgery is required.
According to standard medical classification, traumas are subdivided into external and internal ones. Internal traumas are one of the heaviest and complex kinds of traumas. During internal traumas, the break of any organ more often happens. Therefore, the chance of internal haemorrhage begins. External attributes of internal haemorrhage are rather difficult to detect. However, during the internal haemorrhage, loss of blood reaches the critical level very quickly. When diagnosing of internal trauma it is necessary to carry out urgent trauma surgery.
When carrying out the majority of trauma surgery, there is a significant amount of hemorrhaging. Thus, a healthy stock of donor's blood is necessary. Donor's blood should be screened for the presence of the virus AIDS and hepatitis. Most frequently, donor's blood of a patient's relative is used. In this case the probability of a positive outcome during trauma surgery is much higher.
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