Yarn, the name given to any textile fibre when prepared by the process of spinning for being woven into cloth. It is only in a few minor and exceptional cases, such as the weaving of haircloth or wire, that there is any making of fabrics without the previous spinning of yarn. But yarn is of the most diverse description, and its value varies in proportion to its lustre, its bleaching and dyeing properties, its fitness, strength, elasticity, uniformity of diameter, smoothnes, suppleness and colour in its natural condition. Wool is principal material for making yarn but more rare angora and alpaca are also being used in yarn manufacturing. Vegetable fibers sometimes are used by yarn manufacturers but these fibers are less elastic, which is not that good for sewing and, especially for knitting. To give yarn high quality and at the same time to reduce its price, many yarn manufacturers use mixtures of natural and synthetic fibers. That makes yarn strong and durable and allows it to keep elastic properties. Yarn manufacturers use different processes to make yarn. Spinning is the oldest method. Yarn manufacturers make single, folded and fancy yarns; if twisted to the right it is called twist way, and if to the left, weft way, but those terms do not necessarily imply that the yarn is for either warp or weft. When spinning a great number of shorter fibers, they are combined together. It was the very method used for hand making of yarn. Single yarn consists of fibrous matter as twisted together during the process of spinning. If it is intended for warp it should be strong, elastic and smooth; if for weft it has less twist and is spongy. The raw material from which yarn is made has much to do with its appearance and value. Folded yarn.-Yarn is folded to impact increased strength, elasticity and smoothness, and is used, both glazed and unglazed, for warp and weft in ordinary fabrics. It is also made for such special special purposes as sewing, lace-making, crocheting and hoseiry. Fancy yarn is made by twisting together threads of different counts, colours, materials or twistings, at regular or irregular tensions, and in the same or opposite directions. And, in fact, it was the first process of fabrics making that was industrialized. In those days yarn manufacturers used bigger machines that worked by the same principle - spinning shorter plies into a single yarn. Another process of making yarn is air texturizing. It was not so widely spread as spinning and in most cases it was used for making special sorts of yarn. So as you can see, it is possible to find all sorts of yarn in the modern yarn market. But there are many different yarn companies so that it can be hard for a beginner to understand which trade mark to choose from all these yarn manufacturers. If you do not want to make anything special, then in some cases you can start with any yarn producer. Yarn is usually sold in balls, and you need to know the weight of the garment you are going to make because the price of yarn depends on the weight of yarn.
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