Mammography is the process of using low dose X-rays in order to examine the human breast. It is used to look for different types of tumors and cysts. Mammography has been proven to reduce morality from breast cancer. No other imaging technique has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer, but self breast examinations and a physician examination are essential parts of regular breast care. In some countries such as the United States, routine mammography for older women is encouraged as a screening method to diagnose early breast cancer. Screening mammograms were first proven to save lives in the research published by Sam Shapiro, Philip Strax, and Louis Venet in 1966. Therefore, getting a yearly mammography for the detection of breast cancer is a good way to remain healthy.
Like all X-rays, mammograms use doses of ionizing radiation to create the image. Then, radiologists analyze the image for any abnormal growths. It is normal to use longer wavelength X-rays than those used for the radiography of bones. During the procedure, the breast is compressed by a dedicated mammography machine to even out the tissue in order to increase the image quality and to hold the breast still; this prevents motion blur. Both front and side images of the breasts are taken. Deodorant, talcum powder, and lotion may show up on the X-ray as calcium spots, therefore, women are discouraged from applying these products on the day of their mammography.
At this time, a mammography for the detection of breast cancer along with a physical breast examination is still the modality of choice for screening for breast cancer.